Classifying sybil in MSNs using C4.5

© 2016 IEEE. Sybil detection is an important task in cyber security research. Over past years, many data mining algorithms have been adopted to fulfill such task. Using classification and regression for sybil detection is a very challenging task. Despite of existing research made toward modeling classification for sybil detection and prediction, this research has proposed new solution on how sybil activity could be tracked to address this challenging issue. Prediction of sybil behaviour has been demonstrated by analysing the graph-based classification and regression techniques, using decision trees and described dependencies across different methods. Calculated gain and maxGain helped to trace some sybil users in the datasets

Long-term and age-dependent restoration of visual function in a mouse model of CNGB3-associated achromatopsia following gene therapy

Mutations in the CNGB3 gene account for >50% of all known cases of achromatopsia. Although of early onset, its stationary character and the potential for rapid assessment of restoration of retinal function following therapy renders achromatopsia a very attractive candidate for gene therapy. Here we tested the efficacy of an rAAV2/8 vector containing a human cone arrestin promoter and a human CNGB3 cDNA in CNGB3 deficient mice. Following subretinal delivery of the vector, CNGB3 was detected in both M- and S-cones and resulted in increased levels of CNGA3, increased cone density and survival, improved cone outer segment structure and normal subcellular compartmentalization of cone opsins. Therapy also resulted in long-term improvement of retinal function, with restoration of cone ERG amplitudes of up to 90% of wild-type and a significant improvement in visual acuity. Remarkably, successful restoration of cone function was observed even when treatment was initiated at 6 months of age; however, restoration of normal visual acuity was only possible in younger animals (e.g. 2–4 weeks old). This study represents achievement of the most substantial restoration of visual function reported to date in an animal model of achromatopsia using a human gene construct, which has the potential to be utilized in clinical trials

Accumulation of Rhodopsin in Late Endosomes Triggers Photoreceptor Cell Degeneration

Progressive retinal degeneration is the underlying feature of many human retinal dystrophies. Previous work using Drosophila as a model system and analysis of specific mutations in human rhodopsin have uncovered a connection between rhodopsin endocytosis and retinal degeneration. In these mutants, rhodopsin and its regulatory protein arrestin form stable complexes, and endocytosis of these complexes causes photoreceptor cell death. In this study we show that the internalized rhodopsin is not degraded in the lysosome but instead accumulates in the late endosomes. Using mutants that are defective in late endosome to lysosome trafficking, we were able to show that rhodopsin accumulates in endosomal compartments in these mutants and leads to light-dependent retinal degeneration. Moreover, we also show that in dying photoreceptors the internalized rhodopsin is not degraded but instead shows characteristics of insoluble proteins. Together these data implicate buildup of rhodopsin in the late endosomal system as a novel trigger of death of photoreceptor neurons

Intelligent Sybil attack detection on abnormal connectivity behavior in mobile social networks

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015. There have been a large number of researches on mobile networks in the literature, focusing on a variety of secured applications over the network, including the use of their connections, fake identification and attacks on social group. These applications are created for the intention to collect confidential information, money laundering, blackmailing and to perform other crime activity. The purpose of this research is to identify the behavior of the honest node (network account) and fake node (network account) on mobile social network. In this research, the behavior survey of these nodes is carried out and further analysed with the help of graph-based Sybil detection system. This paper particularly studies Sybil attacks and its defense system for IoT (Internet-of-Things) environment. To be implied, the identification of each forged Sybil node is to be tracked on the basis of nodes connectivity and their timing of connectivity as well as frequency among each other. Sybil node has a forged identity in different locations and also reports its virtual location information to servers

Mungbean yellow mosaic virus-Vi agroinfection by codelivery of DNA A and DNA B from one Agrobacterium strain

Agroinfection of bipartite geminiviruses is routinely done by mixing two Agrobacterium strains that independently harbor partial tandem repeats of DNA A and DNA B. We report here an improved agroinfection method for bipartite geminiviruses that utilizes one strain of Agrobacterium that harbors DNA A and DNA B partial tandem repeats on two compatible replicons. A cointegrate vector, pGV2260::pGV1.3A, with the partial tandem repeat of Mungbean yellow mosaic virus-Vi (MYMV-Vi) DNA A and a binary vector, pGA1.9B, with the partial tandem repeat of MYMV-Vi DNA B gave an agroinfection efficiency of 24% when harbored in two Agrobacterium strains and an efficiency of 61% when harbored in one Agrobacterium strain. A combination of binary vectors, pGA1.9A with MYMV-Vi DNA A partial tandem repeat and pGA1.9B with DNA B partial tandem repeat, gave an agroinfection efficiency of 74% when harbored in two strains. But pGA1.9A and pPZP1.9B (a partial tandem repeat of DNA B), when present in the same Agrobacterium strain, gave 100% agroinfection. Accumulation of viral DNA was shown by Southern blotting. The single-strain method using two compatible replicons consistently gave 100% agroinfection efficiency